Choose the correct answer.

1. Caves are formed when water under the surface of the Earth causes some rocks and minerals to –

   1.   ?    dissolve
   2.   ?    erupt
   3.   ?    melt
   4.   ?    boil

2. After many years, rivers that cut through the surface of the Earth form –
   
   

   1.   ?    glaciers
   2.   ?    volcanoes
   3.   ?    mountains
   4.   ?    canyons

3. Mountains are formed when –

   1.   ?    rivers cut through rock
   2.   ?    magma pushes upward toward the surface of the Earth
   3.   ?    oceans pile up huge amounts of rock along the shore
   4.   ?    land is squeezed together and is pushed upward

4. Landslides are primarily caused by

   1.   ?    magnetic energy
   2.   ?    solar power
   3.   ?    gravitational pull
   4.   ?    heat

5. Deposition occurs when –

   1.   ?    rocks and dirt move from one place to another
   2.   ?    pieces of rock and dirt are left in a new place after being moved
   3.   ?    new rocks are formed
   4.   ?    water evaporates

6. The major forces behind the process of weathering, erosion, and deposition are –

   1.   ?    water and magnetic energy
   2.   ?    water and wind
   3.   ?    wind and sunlight
   4.   ?    wind and magnetic energy

7. Volcanoes are formed when –

   1.   ?    earthquakes occur
   2.   ?    rivers carve out rock on the Earth’s surface
   3.   ?    magma pushes upward toward the Earth’s surface
   4.   ?    gravity pulls large pieces of ice toward the surface of the Earth

8. How do oceans change the surface of the Earth?

   1.   ?    Salt in ocean water caused rocks to melt away.
   2.   ?    Ocean waves crash along the coastline causing rocks to weather away.
   3.   ?    Ocean water floods the countryside forming lakes.
   4.   ?    Oceans push rocks underground to form caverns.

9. Earth can be weathered by all of the following EXCEPT –

   1.   ?    water
   2.   ?    wind
   3.   ?    sunlight
   4.   ?    ice

10. What does the word weathering mean?

    1.   ?    The breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces by natural forces.
    2.   ?    The moving of pieces of the Earth from one place to another.
    3.   ?    The destruction of natural resources by wind and water.
    4.   ?    Types of landforms created by living organisms

11. What does the word coastline mean?

    1.   ?    The area where rocks underneath the surface of the Earth touch.
    2.   ?    The place where magma pushes out to the surface of the Earth.
    3.   ?    The place where rivers leave rocks and dirt behind.
    4.   ?    The area where the oceans meet the land.

12. What does the word erosion mean?

    1.   ?    The breaking down of rocks by wind and water.
    2.   ?    The moving of pieces of rock and dirt from one place to another.
    3.   ?    Rock and dirt left behind by natural forces.
    4.   ?    The movement of glaciers.

13. The word landforms means –

    1.   ?    forces such as wind and water
    2.   ?    types of energy
    3.   ?    natural structures such as mountains and canyons on the Earth
    4.   ?    the moving of rocks from one place to another

14. The word deposition means the –

    1.   ?    leaving of small particles of the Earth in a new place
    2.   ?    breaking down of the Earth’s surface
    3.   ?    moving of pieces of the Earth by forces such as water or ice
    4.   ?    formation of new particles of rock and dirt

15. During a heavy rainstorm, Matthew noticed that a stream had formed in the middle of a field. The stream looked brown and dirty. Matthew hypothesized that this was due to dirt and rocks flowing with the water due to the process of –

    1.   ?    erosion
    2.   ?    climate
    3.   ?    weathering
    4.   ?    deposition

16. Which is NOT a form of erosion?

    1.   ?    Rivers moving dirt
    2.   ?    Water running downhill, carving out the land and pushing dirt to the side
    3.   ?    Fire burning large forest areas
    4.   ?    Heavy winds blowing soil to other locations

17. Sand is formed mainly by –

    1.   ?    ocean waves eroding rocks and depositing the remains on shore
    2.   ?    boiling water flowing from deep inside the Earth reaching the surface
    3.   ?    ocean animals crushing rocks and pushing the remains to the shore
    4.   ?    rivers moving soil to the ocean shore

18. A fault is a –

    1.   ?    crack in the Earth's surface
    2.   ?    piece of rock
    3.   ?    type of earthquake
    4.   ?    type of mountain

19. What does the word magma mean?

    1.   ?    melted rock
    2.   ?    large particles of sand
    3.   ?    unknown volcanoes
    4.   ?    underground volcanoes

20. What does the word lava mean?

    1.   ?    Large cracks in the Earth's surface.
    2.   ?    Magma that has pushed through to the surface of the Earth.
    3.   ?    The force of wind
    4.   ?    Very hot water